laporan kimia semester 2 kelas xi

IDENTIFICATION ACID-BASE SOLUTION USING NATURAL INDICATOR

Purpose           : to identify the solution using natural indicator to know acid or base.

Theory                        :

-      Indicator   : a substance used to distinguish between acid and base solution.

-      Indicator divided into 2 : natural indicator and manufacturing indicator.

-      Acid : shown by colour changing to be red.

-      Base : shown by colour changing to be blue.

Tools               :

Ø Chemical glass

Ø Pipette

Ø Percelen plate

Ø Drop plate

Ø Test tube

Ø Tissue

Ø Water

Materials        :

Ø Ephorbia flower

Ø Rose flower

Ø Red camboja flower

Ø Bugenvil

Ø Soka flower

Ø NaCl

Ø KOH

Ø HCl

Ø Lemon solution

Ø Orange solution

Ø Sugar solution

Ø Soap solution

Ø Coffee solution

Ø Syrup solution

Procedure       :

    1.     Take the flower in perselen plate, and then collide until soft, add the water to the perselen plate.

    2.     Drop the solutions into tha drop plate.

    3.     Mix with the other solution.

    4.     Stir that solution until the colour was changed.

    5.     Observe with the colour.

    6.     Repeat the procedure to the other flower.

Experiment result :

flower	ephorbia	camboja	rose	bugenvil	soka	conclusion
solution
HCl	red	red	red	purple	red	Acid
KOH	green	green	green	brown	green	Base
NaCl	brown	brown	brown	red	brown	Netral
Orange	red	red	red	red	red	Acid
Soap	green	green	green	brown	green	Base
Sugar	brown	brown	brown	red	brown	Netral
Coffee	green	green	red	brown	brown	Base
Syrup	brown	red	red	red	red	Acid
Lemon	green	green	green	red	brown	Base

ACID-BASE TITRATION

Purpose           : determine the concentration/molarity of  HCl solution using NaOH solution

 0,1 M as standard solution.

Tools               :

Ø Burette

Ø Statif

Ø Measurement glass

Ø Chemical glass

Ø Funnel

Ø Erlenmeyer

Ø Test tube

Ø Pipette

Theory                        :

Macid x Vacid = Mbase x Vbase

Procedure       :

    1.     Pince the burette to the pincers glue that was in statif.

    2.     Put the erlenmeyer under the burette with thw NaOH solution.

    3.     Put the HCl solution in erlenmeyer as the tester solution.

    4.     Drop the standard solution (NaOH) in burette slowly.

    5.     Shake the erlenmeyer and loose the burette until NaOH solution fall in to the erlenmeyer and the colour change to be pink.

    6.     Stop it after the solution change to be pink, and then repeat 3 times.

Experiment result :

HCl solution Volume	NaOH solution 0,1 M Volume
20 ml	37 ml
20 ml	29 ml
20 ml	28 ml

Average volume of NaOH = (V1+V2+V3) : 3 = 31,33 ml.

Macid x Vacid = Mbase x Vbase

  20 M = 31,33 x 0,1

       M = 3 : 20

       M = 0,15 M

DETERMINING THE DEGREE OF TRADE VINEGAR

Purpose                                   : determine the degree of trade vinegar with titration process using

                                                      NaOH solution 0,1 M as the standard solution.

Tools and Materials   :

Ø Statif

Ø Erlenmeyer

Ø Funnel

Ø Chemical glass

Ø Measurement glass

Ø Pipette

Ø Test tube

Ø Burette

Ø PP

Procedure                   :

      1.  Mix the vinegar with water from 25 ml to be 1000 ml.

      2.  From that solution take 10 ml, and then titrate with NaOH solution 0,1 M with PP indicator 2 drops.

      3.  Pince the burette to the statif, put the NaOH solution.

      4.  Put the erlenmeyer under the burette.

      5.  Shake the erlenmeyer slowly until the vinegar solution be pink.

      6.  Stop it after the colour change to be pink. Repeat thet procedure.

Experiment result       :

Vinegar	NaOH 0,1 M
10 ml	16 ml
10 ml	17 ml
10 ml	15 ml

Average volume of NaOH : 16 ml

-     The degree of Vinegar :

CH₃COOH : 25 ml      1000 ml

    M₁ V₁ = M₂ V₂

      x  25 = M₂  1000

         M₂ = 25x/1000

CH₃COOH + NaOH      CH₃COONa + H₂O

           25x/1000 M, 10 ml  0,1 M, 16 ml

a x Ma x Va = b x Mb x Vb

 1 x 25x/1000 x 10 = 1 x 0,1 x 16

   250x/1000 = 1,6

                  x = 6,4

degree = x/17,4 x 100%

            = 6,4/17,4 x 100%

            = 36,7 %

THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SOLUTION, COLLOID AND SUSPENTION

Purpose                       : knowing the difference between solution, colloid and suspention.

Tools and Materials   :

Ø Chemical glass

Ø Mixer

Ø Filter paper

Ø Funnel

Ø Sugar

Ø Wheat flour

Ø Milk

Ø Urea

Ø Soap

Ø Sulphur powder

Ø Water

Procedure                   :

      1.  Fill the chemical glass with the water until 50 ml.

      2.  Add 1 gram of sugar into the chemical glass and mix until 1 minute.

      3.  Let the solution for 5 minutes and make notes on what happens.

      4.  Filter the mixture using filter paper and make notes on what happens.

      5.  Repeat procedure 1 until 4 using flour, milk, urea, soap, and sulphur powder.

Experiment result       :

Mixture characteristic	Mixture of water with
	sugar	flour	milk	urea	soap	sulphur
Dissolved/not	Dissolved	Dissolved	Dissolved	Dissolved	Dissolved	Not dissolved
Stable/not	Stable	Not Stable	Stable	Stable	Not Stable	Not Stable
Clear/turbid	Clear	turbid	turbid	clear	turbid	Turbid
Precipitated/not	Not precipitated	precipitated	Not precipitated	Not precipitated	precipitated	precipitated
Clear/turbid filtrate	clear	clear	turbid	clear	turbid	clear

THE MAKING OF COLLOIDS

Purpose                       : to learn colloids making by dispersion

Tools and Materials   :

Ø Mortar and pestle

Ø Chemical glass

Ø Test tube

Ø Sulphur powder

Ø Tube clip

Ø Sugar

Ø Agar powder

Ø Kerosene

Ø Soap

Ø Water

Procedure                   :

      1.  The making of sulphur sol

Add 1 teaspoonful of sugar and 1 teaspoonful of sulphur into the mortar. Crush the mixture until refined. Take 1 teaspoonful of the mixture to be mixed with 1 teaspoonful of sugar. Do this activity for 4 times. Pour the last mixture into the chemical glass and add 50 ml of water and stir it.

      2.  The making of Agar sol/gel

Pour the water to the test tube until one-third. Add 1 teaspoonful of agar powder and stir. Heat the solution until boiled. Freeze the mixture until the agar gel made.

      3.  The making of oil in water emulsion

Pour 5 ml of water and 2 ml of kerosene in the test tube. Shake the mixture for a moment. Note what happens. Pour 5 ml of water, 2 ml of kerosene and 2 ml of soap solution into another test tube. Shake the test tube. Note what happens.

Experiment result       :

Mixture component	Experiment result
	mixed	Not mixed
1. Sulphur powder and water	R
2. Agar powder and water
a. before transferred	R
b. after transferred	R
3. Water and kerosene		R
4. Water, kerosene and soap	R

PRECIPITATION REACTION

Purpose                                    : to learn about precipitation reaction of some substances.

Tools and Materials     :

Ø Test tube

Ø Measurement glass

Ø Pipette drop

Ø BaCl₂ solution

Ø PbCl₂ solution

Ø AgCl solution

Ø NaOH solution

Ø Na₂CO₃ solution

Ø Na₂SO₄ solution

Ø Na₂CrO₄ solution

Procedure                    :

      1.  Based on Ksp, predict the precipitate formation of metal compounds of Ba, Pb and Ag that are reacted with a reactant according to observation table.

      2.  Take 3 test tubes. Then add 3 ml of 0,05 M BaCl₂ solution into test tube I, 3 ml of 0,05 M PbCl₂ solution into test tube II, and 3 ml of 0,05 M AgCl solution into test tube III.

      3.  Add 3 ml of 0,05 M NaOH solution into each tube. Make notes about your observation on the observation table. Give (+) mark when precipitate formed and (-) when there is no precipitate.

      4.  Repeat procedur 1 and 2 by substitute NaOH with the other.

Experiment result         :

0,05 M metal ion	0,05 M reactant ion	Ksp	Prediction	The result of the test
Ba2+ Pb2+ Ag+	OH-
Ba2+ Pb2+ Ag+	CO32-
Ba2+ Pb2+ Ag+	SO42-
Ba2+ Pb2+ Ag+	CrO42-